A significant gender pay gap exists between women and men in the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Germany and France, according to a new multi-country study released by Glassdoor Economic Research.

The unadjusted pay gap between men and women in the US is 24.1%, meaning women earn, on average, $0.76 for every $1 men earn, according to the report, titled Demystifying the Gender Pay Gap. When adding statistical controls for age, education and years of experience, the gap compresses to 19.2%. And, when additional controls for occupation, industry, location, year, company and job title are factored in, the pay gap in the US becomes 5.4%, revealing the adjusted pay gap. The study found similar differences between the unadjusted and adjusted pay gaps in each country analyzed.

The study also examines which occupations have the largest adjusted gender pay gaps. In the US, the adjusted gender pay gap is largest for the following occupations (percentage higher average male pay):

1. Computer programmer: 28.3%
2. Chef: 28.1%
3. Dentist: 28.1%
4. C-Suite: 27.7%
5. Psychologist: 27.2%
6. Pharmacist: 21.8%
7. CAD designer: 21.5%
8. Physician: 18.2%
9. Optician: 17.3
10. Pilot: 16.0%

“The gender pay gap is real, and Glassdoor’s comprehensive study helps us better understand just how significant this gap is across multiple countries,” said Andrew Chamberlain, chief economist of Glassdoor Inc. “While our report reveals a significant gender pay gap, it’s important to understand there are multiple ways to analyze this gap. Glassdoor’s unique compensation database allows us to closely examine the factors that help explain some of the documented differences in pay between men and women and shine a bright spotlight on the portion of the wage gap for which there seems to be no explanation.”

The report is based on a data set of more than 534,000 salary reports shared on Glassdoor by online employees, which includes pay data down to specific job title and company name.