Nearly two million bank and agency NHS shifts were advertised in 2022-23 across Scotland, an increase of 110%, in five years, according the Press Association, citing statistics obtained by the Scottish Conservative party through freedom of information requests.

The data show the number of these shifts across Scottish health boards doubled since 2018-19.

In 2018-19, 104,794 agency and 841,629 bank shifts were advertised across the NHS. But in the most recent year, the figures soared to 464,495 and 1,520,227 respectively, 1,984,722 in total.

Notably, in the period between April and May 2023, there had been a combined 403,733 bank and agency shifts advertised.

Scottish Conservative health spokesman and GP Sandesh Gulhane said the reliance on external staff was "deeply alarming".

However, the proportion of these shifts being filled has fallen by 17.9% in the five-year period. In 2018-19, 71.9% were taken up, declining to 54% in 2022-23.

Gulhane said, "NHS resources are already at breaking point so the last thing health boards need to be doing is shelling out money on this scale to external staff to ensure shifts are fully covered.”

According to Gulhane, SNP Health Secretary Michael Matheson must ‘outline a proper workforce plan to reduce the dependence on bank and agency staff.’

Health Secretary Michael Matheson said, "Agency nursing is a tiny fraction of the £10 billion a year NHS Scotland staffing pay bill and the majority of temporary staff come from staff banks, meaning these are NHS staff, working on NHS terms and conditions.”

"New controls were introduced by boards from 1 April to begin to reduce the number of shifts being filled by agency staff and from 1 June boards are no longer using off-framework agencies, unless in exceptional circumstances,” Matheson added.

"Boards have reported significant progress in reducing reliance on agency staff as a result of these changes and we are considering what further steps we can take,” Matheson said. “Since October 2021 more than £18 million has been provided to recruit 1,250 international nurses, midwives and Allied Health Professionals by the end of this financial year, with around 1,000 successfully recruited so far.”

Iain Kennedy, Chair BMA (British Medical Association) Scotland, said, "Scotland is in the grips of a doctor recruitment and retention crisis, and these figures demonstrate the impact that is having.

"Agency shifts are expensive and not a sustainable way to staff our NHS, and it is worrying the health service in Scotland is becoming more and more reliant on them. Just days after our snap survey revealed 80% of doctors who responded feel staffing levels are sometimes or regularly unsafe, this shows yet again how urgent a proper long term workforce plan for Scotland's NHS is,” Kennedy said. "We also need to finally properly value doctors at all stages of their career. And by investing in permanent staff, rather than temporarily plugging the gaps, the NHS could provide the continuity of care to patients that the evidence shows leads to better health outcomes."